Everything You Need to Know About The Divorce Process in Arizona

At Bryson Law Firm, our devoted team of divorce attorneys in Mesa, Arizona is dedicated to ensuring that you are well-informed about your rights and the legal process. Before initiating divorce proceedings, it is crucial to adequately prepare yourself for the journey that lies ahead. To assist you in getting started, our legal experts have compiled a comprehensive and complimentary resource: the “Guide to Divorce in Arizona.” Our objective with this guide is to equip you with the necessary knowledge and insights to navigate through this challenging time with confidence.

Table of Contents

1. What You Need to Know About Divorce in Arizona
2. The Difference Between Legal Separation and Divorce
3. What are the Grounds for Filing for Divorce?
4. How to File a Petition for Divorce
5. Uncontested Divorce in Arizona
6. Legal Annulment in Arizona
7. Divorce Mediation
8. Preparing for Divorce Hearings and Divorce Litigation
9. Can I Represent Myself in My Divorce Hearing in Arizona?
10. Property Division in Arizona
11. How Spousal Support Works in Arizona
12. Child Support Payments
13. When Can the Court Deviate from the Child Support Guidelines?
14. Get Professional Legal Guidance

What You Need to Know About Divorce in Arizona

Acquiring a thorough grasp of the fundamentals is of utmost importance. How does one commence the process of divorce? Which documents need to be submitted? What are the typical obstacles encountered during separation? How long might the divorce proceedings endure? What are the key aspects at stake in your particular situation? Adequate preparation is paramount, equipping you to navigate this intricate journey with confidence and competence.

The Difference Between Legal Separation and Divorce in Arizona

In Arizona, legal separation and divorce (known as dissolution of marriage) are two distinct legal processes with some key differences. Here are the main differences between legal separation and divorce in Arizona:

1. Marital Status:
   • Divorce: A divorce (dissolution of marriage) terminates the legal marital relationship between spouses. After a divorce is finalized, both parties are free to remarry if they choose.
   • Legal Separation: In a legal separation, the marital status remains intact. Spouses are still legally married and cannot remarry unless they later obtain a divorce.
2. Residency Requirements:
   • Divorce: Arizona has a residency requirement for divorce. At least one spouse must have lived in the state for at least 90 days before filing for divorce.
   • Legal Separation: The residency requirements for legal separation are the same as those for divorce in Arizona.
3. Grounds for Filing:
   • Divorce: Arizona is a no-fault divorce state, which means that you do not need to prove fault or wrongdoing by either spouse to obtain a divorce. The most common ground for divorce in Arizona is that the marriage is irretrievably broken.
   • Legal Separation: Like divorce, legal separation in Arizona does not require proving fault. The grounds for legal separation are similar to those for divorce, with the primary reason being that the marriage is irretrievably broken.
4. Property Division:
   • Divorce: In a divorce, the court will divide marital property and debts between the spouses. Arizona follows the principle of community property, where marital property is generally divided equally, unless the court finds reasons to deviate from this division.
   • Legal Separation: In a legal separation, the court can also divide marital property and debts, following the same community property principles. The key difference is that spouses who are legally separated remain married and retain certain legal rights and benefits related to marriage, such as spousal inheritance rights and access to healthcare benefits.
5. Child Custody and Support:
   • Both divorce and legal separation cases in Arizona can address child custody, visitation, and child support matters. The court will determine what is in the best interests of the child when making these decisions.
6. Spousal Support (Alimony):
   • Spousal support can be awarded in both divorce and legal separation cases in Arizona. The court considers factors like each spouse’s financial situation, the duration of the marriage, and the recipient spouse’s need for support when making spousal support determinations.
7. Health Insurance and Benefits:
   • In a legal separation, spouses may continue to access certain benefits, like healthcare coverage, under their spouse’s insurance plan. This is not the case in a divorce, where these benefits typically end for the non-covered spouse.
8. Reconciliation:
   • Legal separation leaves open the possibility of reconciliation, as the couple is still legally married. In a divorce, the marriage is terminated, making reconciliation more complicated.

What are the Grounds for Filing for Divorce in Arizona?

In Arizona, you can file for divorce, legally referred to as a “dissolution of marriage,” based on both no-fault and fault grounds. Here are the grounds for filing for divorce in Arizona:

1. No-Fault Ground:
   • Irretrievable Breakdown of the Marriage: The most common ground for divorce in Arizona is that the marriage is “irretrievably broken.” This no-fault ground does not require either party to prove wrongdoing by the other spouse. If one or both spouses believe that the marriage is broken beyond repair, they can file for divorce under this ground.
2. Fault Grounds:
   • While Arizona is primarily a no-fault divorce state, it does allow for fault-based grounds. However, fault grounds are less commonly used and may involve proving specific misconduct by one spouse. Fault-based grounds in Arizona may include: a. Adultery: If one spouse can prove that the other engaged in an extramarital affair during the marriage, it may serve as a fault ground for divorce. b. Abandonment: Desertion or abandonment of one spouse by the other for at least one year without a reasonable cause can be a fault ground. c. Physical or Emotional Abuse: If one spouse can demonstrate that they have been a victim of physical or emotional abuse by the other spouse, it may be considered a fault ground for divorce. d. Substance Abuse: If one spouse has a history of substance abuse that significantly impacts the marriage, it may be used as a fault ground.

It’s important to note that while fault grounds are available in Arizona, most divorce cases are filed on the no-fault ground of “irretrievable breakdown of the marriage” because it simplifies the divorce process and does not require proving misconduct. No-fault divorces are typically faster and less contentious than fault-based divorces.

How to File a Petition for Divorce

Filing a petition for divorce in Arizona involves several steps. Here’s a general overview of the process:

1. Meet Residency Requirements:
   • Before filing for divorce in Arizona, one of the spouses must meet the state’s residency requirements. At least one spouse must have lived in Arizona for at least 90 days before filing.
2. Determine the Grounds:
   • Decide whether you will file for divorce on the no-fault ground of “irretrievable breakdown of the marriage” or on a fault ground, if applicable.
3. Gather Required Documents:
   • Collect all necessary documents, including financial records, information about assets and debts, and any other documents relevant to property division, child custody, and support issues.
4. Complete the Petition:
   • Obtain the appropriate divorce forms from your local county court or the court’s website. The main document to complete is the “Petition for Dissolution of Marriage.” This is the official document that initiates the divorce process.
   • Fill out the petition accurately, providing all required information about both spouses, grounds for divorce, and any other requested details.
5. Attach Supporting Documents:
   • Depending on your circumstances, you may need to attach additional documents to the petition, such as a Parenting Plan if you have minor children or a Property and Debt Statement detailing your assets and liabilities.
6. Notarize the Petition:
   • Sign the completed petition in front of a notary public. Your signature must be notarized to make the document legally valid.
7. File the Petition:
   • Take the notarized petition and any attached documents to the clerk’s office at your local county courthouse. Pay the required filing fee, which varies by county.
   • If you cannot afford the filing fee, you may be eligible for a fee waiver based on your income. In such cases, you will need to complete and file a Fee Waiver Application.
8. Serve the Other Spouse:
   • Once the petition is filed, you must serve a copy of the petition and any other filed documents to the other spouse. Service can be accomplished through personal service, certified mail, or by process server, as per Arizona law.
9. Response from the Other Spouse:
   • After being served, the other spouse has a specific amount of time (typically 20 days) to file a Response to the divorce petition. If they fail to respond within the allotted time, the divorce may proceed as uncontested.
10. Attend Mandatory Parenting Education Class (if applicable):
    • If you have minor children, both parents may be required to attend a court-approved parenting education class.
11. Negotiate and Settle Issues:
    • Work with your spouse and/or attorneys to negotiate and reach agreements on issues such as property division, child custody, visitation, child support, and spousal support.
12. Attend Court Hearings (if necessary):
    • If you and your spouse cannot reach agreements on all issues, you may need to attend court hearings. The court will hear arguments and evidence before making decisions on unresolved matters.
13. Obtain the Final Decree of Divorce:
    • Once all issues are resolved, the court will issue a Final Decree of Dissolution of Marriage. This document finalizes the divorce and outlines the terms of the divorce settlement.
14. Follow Court Orders:
    • Comply with the court’s orders, including any child custody and support orders, property division, and spousal support obligations.

Uncontested Divorce in Arizona

An uncontested divorce in Arizona is a divorce in which both spouses agree on all major issues related to the dissolution of their marriage, including property division, child custody and visitation, child support, and spousal support (if applicable). Uncontested divorces are typically faster, less expensive, and less emotionally taxing than contested divorces because they avoid lengthy court battles and negotiations. Here’s an overview of the steps to obtain an uncontested divorce in Arizona:

1. Agreement on Key Issues:
   • Both spouses must be in complete agreement on all major issues, including property division, child custody and visitation, child support, and spousal support. If there are disagreements on any of these matters, the divorce cannot proceed as uncontested.
2. Consult an Attorney (Optional):
   • While uncontested divorces are often straightforward, it can still be beneficial to consult with an attorney to ensure that your rights and interests are protected. An attorney can review your agreements, help you navigate the legal process, and prepare the necessary documents.
3. Prepare and Sign a Settlement Agreement:
   • The spouses must draft a comprehensive settlement agreement that outlines all of their agreements regarding property division, child-related issues, and support. This document should be detailed and cover all aspects of the divorce settlement.
4. Complete the Divorce Petition:
   • One spouse (the petitioner) must complete and file the divorce petition. In an uncontested divorce, the petition will include a statement that the divorce is uncontested, and both spouses have agreed to all terms of the divorce.
5. Serve the Other Spouse:
   • In Arizona, the petitioner must serve the divorce papers on the other spouse. However, since the divorce is uncontested, the other spouse may simply sign an acknowledgment of service rather than being formally served.
6. File the Required Documents:
   • Both spouses must file the necessary divorce documents with the court, including the petition, the settlement agreement, and any other required forms. The court may also require financial disclosures.
7. Attend the Divorce Hearing:
   • In most uncontested divorce cases, a hearing is required to finalize the divorce. This hearing is relatively brief and is often a procedural step to ensure that both spouses understand and agree to the terms of the divorce. It may also involve confirming that any children involved are adequately cared for.
8. Obtain the Final Decree of Divorce:
   • After the court approves the divorce settlement and the judge signs the final decree, the divorce is finalized. The final decree of divorce outlines the terms of the divorce, including property division, custody, and support arrangements.
9. Follow Court Orders:
   • Both spouses must adhere to the terms outlined in the final decree of divorce, including property division, child custody and support, and any other agreed-upon terms.

It’s important to note that even in an uncontested divorce, consulting with an attorney can be valuable to ensure that all legal requirements are met and that the divorce settlement is fair and properly documented. Additionally, legal advice can help you avoid potential pitfalls or complications in the future. If you and your spouse are in complete agreement, an uncontested divorce can be a more streamlined and cost-effective way to end your marriage in Arizona.

Legal Annulment in Arizona

In Arizona, a legal annulment, often referred to simply as an “annulment,” is a legal process that declares a marriage null and void, as if it never existed. An annulment differs from a divorce in that it invalidates the marriage from its inception, while a divorce terminates a legally valid marriage. Annulments are generally granted in specific circumstances and have their own set of eligibility criteria and legal procedures. Here’s what you need to know about obtaining a legal annulment in Arizona:

Grounds for Annulment in Arizona:

1. Lack of Consent: If one or both parties lacked the mental capacity to consent to the marriage at the time of the ceremony, an annulment may be granted. This could include situations where one party was under the influence of drugs or alcohol or lacked the mental capacity due to a mental illness.
2. Bigamy: If one spouse was already married to another person at the time of the marriage ceremony, the subsequent marriage is void and can be annulled.
3. Underage Marriage: If one or both parties were underage (under 18 years old) at the time of the marriage without parental or court consent, the marriage may be voidable.
4. Fraud or Misrepresentation: An annulment may be granted if one party entered into the marriage as a result of fraud, misrepresentation, or deceit by the other party. For example, if one party concealed a significant fact (such as impotence or a criminal record) that would have influenced the other party’s decision to marry.
5. Impotence: If one spouse was physically incapable of consummating the marriage at the time of the wedding and this fact was unknown to the other party, an annulment may be sought.
6. Incestuous Marriage: If the marriage is between close blood relatives, it may be subject to annulment.

Legal Process for Obtaining an Annulment in Arizona:

1. Filing a Petition: To initiate the annulment process, you must file a petition with the appropriate Arizona court. The petition should include detailed information about the grounds for annulment and any supporting evidence.
2. Serving the Other Party: Similar to divorce proceedings, the other party must be served with a copy of the annulment petition and given an opportunity to respond.
3. Court Proceedings: Depending on the complexity of the case and whether the other party contests the annulment, court hearings may be required. The court will consider the evidence presented and make a decision on whether to grant the annulment.
4. Annulment Decree: If the court grants the annulment, it will issue an annulment decree that declares the marriage null and void. The parties are restored to their legal status as if they were never married.

Divorce Mediation in Arizona

Divorce mediation is a process in which a neutral third party, known as a mediator, helps divorcing couples reach agreements on various issues related to their divorce, such as property division, child custody, visitation, and financial support. Mediation is a voluntary and non-adversarial approach to resolving disputes and can be an effective way to avoid the time and expense of a contested divorce trial. Here’s what you need to know about divorce mediation in Arizona:

1. Voluntary Process: Participation in divorce mediation in Arizona is typically voluntary. Both spouses must agree to participate in the process. It cannot be forced upon either party.
2. Role of the Mediator: The mediator is a neutral party who facilitates communication between the spouses, helps them identify and prioritize their issues, and assists them in negotiating mutually acceptable solutions. The mediator does not make decisions for the couple but helps them reach their own agreements.
3. Benefits of Mediation:
   • Control: Mediation allows couples to have more control over the outcome of their divorce, rather than leaving decisions to a judge.
   • Confidentiality: Mediation discussions are generally confidential, which can encourage open and honest communication.
   • Cost-Effective: Mediation can be less expensive than a contested divorce, as it often takes less time and involves fewer attorney fees.
   • Faster Resolution: Mediation can lead to faster resolution of issues compared to the court process.
4. Issues Addressed: Mediation can address a wide range of divorce-related issues, including:
   • Property and asset division
   • Debt allocation
   • Child custody and visitation (parenting plans)
   • Child support
   • Spousal support (alimony)
   • Other matters as agreed upon by the parties
5. Legal Counsel: While mediation is often conducted without attorneys present, spouses are encouraged to consult with attorneys before and during the mediation process to ensure they understand their rights and options. Some couples choose to have their attorneys attend mediation sessions with them.
6. Mediation Agreement: If the spouses reach agreements through mediation, those agreements are typically documented in a written settlement agreement. This agreement can be incorporated into the final divorce decree when the divorce is finalized by the court.
7. Court Approval: The final divorce decree, which includes the mediated agreements, must be submitted to the court for approval. If the court finds the agreements to be fair and in the best interests of any children involved, it will typically approve the divorce.
8. Unsuccessful Mediation: If mediation is unsuccessful, and the parties cannot reach agreements on key issues, they may proceed to a traditional divorce trial in court.

Preparing for divorce hearings and divorce litigation in Arizona

Preparing for divorce hearings and divorce litigation in Arizona can be a complex and stressful process. To ensure that you are adequately prepared and that your interests are protected, it’s essential to follow these steps:

1. Consult with an Attorney:
   • Before initiating divorce proceedings or responding to a divorce petition, consult with an experienced family law attorney in Arizona. An attorney can provide legal advice, explain your rights and obligations, and guide you through the entire process.
2. Gather Financial Documents:
   • Collect all relevant financial documents, including bank statements, tax returns, pay stubs, mortgage statements, credit card statements, investment accounts, and retirement account statements. These documents will be crucial in determining property division, support, and other financial matters.
3. Create a Budget:
   • Develop a budget to understand your current and future financial needs. This will be important when discussing financial support, such as spousal maintenance or child support, during the divorce proceedings.
4. Inventory Assets and Debts:
   • Prepare a comprehensive list of marital assets and debts, including real estate, vehicles, personal property, and any debts incurred during the marriage. This inventory will help in the property division process.
5. Child-Related Matters:
   • If you have children, be prepared to discuss child custody, visitation schedules, and child support. Consider your children’s best interests when proposing custody and visitation arrangements.
6. Prepare for Negotiations:
   • Be ready to negotiate with your spouse regarding the division of property, spousal support, and child-related matters. Try to maintain a cooperative approach, as negotiated settlements are often more favorable and cost-effective than litigation.
7. Attend Mediation (if applicable):
   • If you and your spouse have not already reached agreements on key issues, you may be required to attend mediation. Be prepared to actively participate in the mediation process and consider the mediator’s recommendations.
8. Court Filings:
   • If negotiations fail to reach a resolution, formal court proceedings may be necessary. Your attorney will help you file the appropriate documents with the court, including responses to petitions, motions, and financial disclosures.
9. Legal Strategy:
   • Work closely with your attorney to develop a legal strategy for the divorce litigation. This may involve gathering evidence, interviewing witnesses, and preparing for court hearings.
10. Attend Court Hearings:
    • Attend all court hearings as scheduled and follow your attorney’s guidance during the proceedings. Be punctual and respectful in court.
11. Child Custody Evaluation (if necessary):
    • If custody is disputed, the court may order a child custody evaluation. Be prepared to cooperate with the evaluator and provide any requested information.
12. Temporary Orders:
    • In some cases, temporary orders may be necessary to address immediate issues such as child custody, support, or spousal maintenance during the divorce process. Be prepared to request or respond to such orders if needed.
13. Review Legal Documents:
    • Carefully review all legal documents, including proposed settlement agreements and court orders, before signing them. Ensure that they accurately reflect your agreements and interests.
14. Emotional Support:
    • Divorce can be emotionally challenging. Seek emotional support from friends, family, or a therapist to help you cope with the stress and emotional aspects of divorce.

Can I Represent Myself in My Divorce Hearing in Arizona?

Yes, it is possible to represent yourself in your divorce hearing in Arizona. This is known as representing yourself “pro se.” You have the legal right to do so, and many people choose this option, especially in cases where the divorce is uncontested or straightforward. However, it’s essential to understand the potential advantages and disadvantages of representing yourself in a divorce case in Arizona:

Disadvantages of Representing Yourself During a Divorce

1. Lack of Legal Knowledge: Divorce laws and procedures in Arizona can be complex. Without legal training, you may struggle to understand the intricacies of the law and may not be aware of your rights and obligations.
2. Risk of Mistakes: Self-represented individuals may make mistakes in filing documents, following court rules, or presenting their case, which could have long-lasting consequences.
3. Emotional Stress: Divorce can be emotionally challenging, and representing yourself can add stress to an already difficult situation.
4. Incomplete Settlements: Without legal advice, you may overlook important issues or fail to consider future consequences when negotiating settlements.
5. Unequal Bargaining Power: If your spouse has legal representation, you may be at a disadvantage during negotiations or court proceedings.
6. Lengthier Process: Handling your own divorce can result in a longer and more protracted process, as you may not be familiar with efficient legal procedures.

If you decide to represent yourself in your divorce hearing, consider the following tips

1. Educate Yourself: Familiarize yourself with Arizona’s divorce laws and court procedures. You can find resources online or visit your local courthouse’s self-help center for guidance.
2. Use Court Forms: The Arizona Supreme Court provides official court forms that you can use in divorce cases. These forms are designed to help self-represented individuals navigate the process.
3. Stay Organized: Keep all documents and paperwork well-organized and make sure to meet all court deadlines.
4. Consider Consulting an Attorney: Even if you plan to represent yourself, it may be beneficial to consult with an attorney for legal advice and guidance, especially if your case involves complex issues or disputes.
5. Be Prepared: Attend court hearings and proceedings prepared and organized. Familiarize yourself with courtroom etiquette and procedures.
6. Seek Mediation: If you and your spouse have disagreements, consider using mediation to resolve disputes before going to court. Mediation can often result in more amicable and cost-effective solutions.